Programs for Children and Adolescents

Bullock, L. , M. , and Gable, R. , A. (2006). â€Å"Programs for Children and Adolescents With Emotional and Behavior Disorders in the United States: A Historical Overview, Current Perspectives, and Future Directions. † Preventing School Failure, Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 7-13. A. The article by Lyndal M. Bullock and Robert A.Gable is devoted to the important and ever urgent topic of the difficult problems that teachers and other educational professionals encounter during their attempts to find effective ways for a proper inclusion of children and adolescents with emotional and behavioral disorders (E/BD) into the educational processes, either in frames of the general educational institutions, or under the auspices of special programs and educational settings specifically designed for those having various forms of E/BD.The format of the article is such that it includes both general historical and factual information about the discussed field, and sets forth several research question s that are elaborated and partially answered by the authors during the course of the article. Those questions pertain to the influence that factors of the disproportionality and personnel shortages have on the effectiveness of programs for children and adolescents with E/BD. B. It is important to point out, that for a clear and focused discussion of the mentioned complex topics, it is essential to distinguish between various forms of E/BD and related disorders.The authors of the article do exactly that as they classify the population of children and adolescents who are covered and not covered by their study. For example, they not only discuss statistics related to E/BD, but as well provide comparative tables that show the place that E/BD hold among all disabilities that are served under â€Å"Individuals With Disabilities Education Act† (IDEA). Furthermore, in the article the analysis is offered that shows how the population of participants identified in the study is structur ed according to age and race or ethnicity, which significantly enriches the methodological usefulness of the article.In general, the authors make it easier for readers to trace throughout the article information about the population of children and adolescents with E/BD of ages 3-21 and of Caucasian/White, African American, American Indian, Hispanic, and Asian races and ethnicities. C. The study contained in the article is of a relatively short length, but has quite a concentrated amount of information, and offers a large number of references and an extensive bibliography.In this way, the study by Bullock and Gable is not limited to a certain location, but rather is a summary of their own more narrowly focused pieces of research combined with relevant contributions of other researchers. D. Due to the chosen approach to the investigation of the research questions, the result that the authors reach is not limited to the confirmation of the urgency of those questions, but as well is re inforced by the authors` ability to place the problems related to the much needed programs for those affected with E/BD into the general social context.Indeed, the authors manage to convincingly show that the passive stance towards the discussed problems may lead to their significant aggravation already in the near future. E. Considering the mentioned points, the main strength of the article is the ability of the authors to synthesize specific information in such a way as to make it understandable not only to experienced educational professionals, but as well for younger ones to whom the authors appeal in the article as they discuss personnel shortages presumably with the aim to interest new potential specialists on E/BD.Also, the strength of the article is its successful combination of historical data and forecasts, which gives the sense of the direction of the development of the discussed field. As a weakness of the article may be identified its lack of inclusion of relevant forei gn experience which might add useful insights on E/BD treatment.F. Similarly to the above mentioned strength of the article, I believe that I should use the strategy of integral and coherent presentation of information in my teaching because it helps students correctly appreciate the general context that any given information is almost always placed in. In practice, this way of presentation of information can increase the interest and personal involvement of students in the process of study, and may help them immediately see how even a small contribution of one teacher can have significance for many people.

Recommended Policies to Achieve a Sustainable Society Essay

Italy has been faced with fact that they are the second country with the lowest birth rate next to Spain. There are multiple recommendations that may be done in order to keep Italy up and running. One recommendation would be Italy may want to look at why France and Ireland have a high rate of child birth to help keep them up and running in the game of population. Other countries like France and Ireland give their people benefits for having children. Italy may want to take a look into bribing their people into having children. Maybe Italy should offer funding for health care, child care, and also offering higher incentives to families with more than one child. Italy’s incentive rate right now for a woman giving birth to a second child is only 1000 Euros. Italy should offer their people these benefits in order to help Italy’s low birth rate, here are the reasons why. Italy is the second country that has the lowest birth rate in the nation, with only one child per female. One might recommend that Italy might want to look into France and Ireland because they have the second highest birth rate in Europe. If Italy looks into France they might find out in that country they actually pay families for having children (Dillinaco, 2004-2008). In French families are entitled to up to three years paid maternity leave with a guarantee that mom’s job will be there for her when she returns. If Italy does that maybe the woman there wouldn’t be so scared on having children. Their burden of having to find a new job after giving birth or if their job will still be there will be lifted off their shoulders. A new law provides greater maternity leave benefits, tax credits and other incentives for families who have a third child. During a year-long leave after the birth of the third child, mothers will receive $960.00 a month from the government, twice th e allowance for the second child. France shows that they take care of the moms even after they give birth by paying them for three years to be with their children (Conroy, 2011). France is a great place to learn from when trying to raise the low birth rate. On top of giving their people money for having children they also help them cover some of their childcare costs so the country can establish a good birth rate in order to keep their population going. France was smart and know that they couldn’t just pay women and that will be enough for them. France knows that the women will need help with childcare also. So, the government decided to covers some child-care costs of toddlers up to 3 years old and offers free child-care centers from age 3 to kindergarten, in addition to tax breaks and discounts on transportation, cultural events and shopping. Their plan worked so well that the municipal day-care center ran out of space because of a local baby boom. In fact, they actually gave families an extra $100.00 per kid if the parents took care for their own child (Sensing, 2006). France really knows how to convince their people into having babies. Paying mothers maternity leave and making sure their job is still there when they return is a great way to encourage women to have children. Not only will the mothers get paid maternity leave, it is paid maternity leave for three years. France will also help the mothers pay for childcare if the mother decides to return back to work before the three years is up. After the child makes three years old and the mother goes back to work the child care is then free from ages three to kindergarten. On top of free childcare France also pays their people $960.00 a month as long as they have three or more children, which is twice as much as two children. If Italy took care of the mothers like France does, they just might have a higher birth rate. Conroy, S. (2011, February 11). Bonuses for having babies in france. Retrieved from http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/12/10/eveningnews/main2243958.shtml Dillinaco, D. (2004-2008). Low birth rates in italy. Retrieved from http://mommiesonline.net/health/low-birth-rates.php Sensing , D. (2006, October 20). Paying women to have children. Retrieved from http://www.windsofchange.net/archives/paying_women_to_have_children.html

Cialis Case

Cialis I. Problem: In this case, the main issue at hand is to decide an effective marketing strategy for the introduction of new product, Cialis by the joint venture Eli Lilly and ICOS. This strategy will help to recognize a target market and also the future marketing endeavors necessary to have competitive positioning in the market amongst Cialis’s main competitors, Pfizer and Bayer. Cialis has to choose among the alternatives: beat, niche and compete. II. Alternatives: 1) Follow Beat Strategy by differentiating its product from competitors by emphasizing on its duration i. . 36 hours, targeting men suffering from Erectile Dysfunction (ED) + Existing customer base + Can convince existing, new users and dropouts that it is a superior product + Customers can wait for right moment + Better onset time and duration + Doesn’t have blue vision side effect that happens in case of Viagra + Can convince Primary Care Physicians (PCP) and urologists of its benefits – Higher sales force needed to compete with Viagra’s effective sales force team of 30000 – Not safe with nitrates Time on Market is 0 compared to Viagra’s 5 years so Viagra has better brand reputation 2) Follow Niche Strategy by targeting Viagra dropouts estimated to be around 6-7 million as compared to Viagra’s current users i. e. 3 million + Can demand high price + The number of Viagra dropouts can grow with the launch and success of Cialis + Easy to focus target market – Low market share in total Erectile Dysfunction (ED) market – Difficult to convince users who have lost faith in similar product i. e.Viagra – Not safe with nitrates 3) Follow Compete Strategy and go head-to-head with Viagra’s positioning + Existing customer base + Alternative means to attract customers such as by convincing partners and people who think it will go away + Better onset time and duration – Not safe with nitrates – Difficult to convince ex isting users of Viagra – Difficult to convince physicians to prescribe Cialis – Higher sales force needed to compete with Pfizer’s effective sales force team of 30000 III. Recommendation:I suggest that Cialis should adopt the â€Å"beat† marketing strategy focusing on its high duration i. e. 36 hours to make it a differentiated product in the market. On conducting the need and performance analysis of key buying factors, the aforementioned strategy best suits for the product introduction. While there are drawbacks to this decision such as Viagra’s already developed brand reputation and fact that Cialis is not safe with nitrates, I believe that Cialis can successfully overcome these issues through its competitive pricing which can be similar to that of Viagra’s i. . $10 so that target customers can get more benefits (such as choosing the right moment for sexual intercourse) at the same price. Cialis should spend significant amount on initial p romotion of its new product through TV advertisement featuring famous personality (actor, politician, sportsmen), radio, social media and word of mouth. It also needs a high sales force (to compete with Pfizer’s effective sales force team of 30000) who can pitch the product initially in US and Europe where there is strong target market base and later on extend its focus on other countries.

FAMILY CHILDREN NURSING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

FAMILY CHILDREN NURSING - Essay Example Introduction Case Study Serena, a young girl of 20 months old is brought by her parents to the emergency department of their local hospital at around 0200 hours. An assessment conducted on her reveals the following: 2/7 history of sore throat Fevers Profuse nasal discharge The girls developed barking cough in the evening and Experienced difficulty in breathing. The Clinical Problem Initially in the 20th century, croup like illness were often confused with diphtheria but today croup is a term used to refer to several respiratory illnesses that vary in inspiratory stridor, barking cough, and hoarseness that result from obstruction in the larynx regions. Classification and Epidemiological Features Historically, croup illnesses have changed over time, but with imprecise classifications. Laryngotracheobronchitis is a term used to describe a spasmodic croup or laryngotrachetitis. The common classes of croup are; spasmodic croup, acute laryngotracheitis, LTB and LTBP and Laryngeal Diphtheri a. Croup is an illness that attacks infants and children less than 6 years in age but rampant incidences occur between 7 to 36 months. Boys are more prone to its attacks than girls at a rate of 1.5 times. It has a biennial midautmn peak and annual summer trough (Cherry 2008. P.384). Croup Host factors Parainfluenza virus infections, especially type 3 is common in infants as well as young children. Despite this, croup develops only in a small percentage of children exposed. Reoccurrence of croup in children is linked to allergy. Spasmodic croup is triggered by parainfluenza virus type 1 and 2. Levels of Assessment for Severity Croup The levels of assessment of severity croup are mild, moderate, severe and impending respiratory failure. The mild level is characterized by occasional barking cough. At a rest position, the infant has no audible stridor. Retractions of the skin of the chest wall could be mild. At a moderate level, barking cough becomes frequent with easily audible stridor when the child is resting. Suprasternal and sternal retractions with no agitations are noticed. In the severe stage, barking cough remains frequent; inspiratory becomes prominent with occasional expiratory stridor. The expiratory stridor is marked with sterna retractions, agitations and distress. At impending respiratory failure level, the barking cough fails to be prominent with hard to hear audible stridor when the child is at rest. The sterna retractions cannot be recognised as the child experiences lethargy. In the absence of supplemental oxygen, the infant appears dusky (Scally & Donaldson 1998 p. 67 D). Strategies and Evidence Evaluation Croup illnesses differ in severity and treatment and therefore require differential diagnosis (Cherry 2008.p388). Other acute obstructive illnesses in the larynx region must be diagnosed. These include epiglottitis, foreign body, and angioneurotic edema of the epiglottis. Epiglottitis is signified by lack of a croupy cough, sitting position o f the child, a pushed forward chin and reluctance in lying down. Apprehension and anxiety in the child is spotted rather than inspiratory difficulties. Foreign body and angioneurotic edema cause obstruction in the upper airway. These occur suddenly without fever and infection signs. Lower airway signs like crackles, air trapping, wheezing

Participant Observation Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Participant Observation Assignment - Essay Example The research questions formulated in this paper are mainly based on empirical observation, that is, information gained by means of watching, experiments or by performing some research study. This field work has been conducted on August 6, 2009 during 10.30 AM and 12.35 PM. The journey for observation assignment started from Hudson, NY station and ended at NY-Penn Station. The train selected for this observation assignment is Empire Service-Eastbound train (which is running Mondays thru Saturdays) whose number is 280. The source station of this train is Niagara Falls, NY, the departure time from this station is 3.45 AM and its arrival time in the destination station New York, NY-Penn Station is12.35 PM. Subways in New York are the fastest way to travel around the New York City. It is very difficult for the fresher to travel through New York subways. If one is not careful, then one would find it very difficult to reach the destination. If one does not know about the rules and regulations that need to be followed in the subways, then one would find it hard to travel through the subways. Here, it can be observed that some people are asking others about the direction, or the route one needs to take for reaching specific destinations. People in New York help others to sort out their problems in very friendly manner. Another important thing about people in New York is most of them are confused as to which direction they need to go to reach their destination. In the platforms, it is observable that all sorts of people are present such as teens, middle aged people, old aged people, families etc. Some people are looking on the map which is placed near the entrances; they are sorting out the ir doubts themselves without asking to anybody. By observing their facial expressions, it may be concluded that they are not so clear about whether they have gleaned what they needed to know. Time is 10.15 AM. The train to New York, NY-Penn Station will reach

Safety management assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Safety management - Assignment Example In this case, ladder inspection checklist must be done; ladder is the safety tool used. Things that must be checked and counter checked include: the surface, level, structure, ground, working area, scaffolding, edges, hand grip, movement of equipment, manual handling, lighting, weather condition, footwear, and experience of the individual. The chance of likelihood of a falling and injury occurring must be considered. This method aids in determining which hazards must be dealt with first in the case of an injury. This is done by looking at the task ahead, the number of individuals, and the machinery to be used. Control measures must be implemented so as to increase safety and eliminate injury probability. The most effective method of controlling risk is by elimination, design substitution, redesign, and administration. The control measures must be carefully evaluated so as to avoid any potential harm (Roughton, James, and Crutchfield, 298). In every workplace, communication is an essential factor. Another essential factor is the credibility of staff as well as following of the OSHA and workplace guidelines. Safety functions management is essential in promoting the health and well being of individuals who work in risky environments. Under the first function of management, which is planning; a good manager must make valid plans. This means that the needs of the hazard workers must be considered, as well as the mission of the organization. Financial as well as the well being of the workers must be considered. This ensures that the needs of the department are met; funds are available, and time set aside to implement a specific plan all for the upholding of the organization goals. Under planning, safety rules and measures must be written down so as to enable better and safe working environment. Better management of safety comprises of organization function. The company must have a hierarchy of organization, where the CEO is active,

Delivery of Customer Value of Coca Cola Company Assignment

Delivery of Customer Value of Coca Cola Company - Assignment Example The company has gone a long way till the present times when it has more than 3000 beverage products serving in more than 200 countries making huge sales and satisfying customers to the utmost level. The company intends to expand their products and services and advance their features towards making their brand and services stronger thus attracting more customers and reach out to the global market as the leader in the beverage industry in the world (Our Company). The current study focuses on the company’s products, pricing, distribution, and promotion to reflect the value that the company provides to its customers. Â  The primary mission of the Coca-Cola Company is to serve its products to its customers to refresh them, arouse pleasure and cheerfulness and create value making a difference in the industry. In order to achieve this mission, the company’s objectives include overviewing the changes in the trends and preferences of choices of the customers. Also, the company has its focus on achieving and maintaining quality growth and its objectives include the 6 Ps that are the main concerns of the company. These 6Ps are the people, portfolio, partners, planet, profit, and productivity. The company intends to be highly effective in its performances thus generating huge profits for the company as well as satisfying the employees and the customers of the organization. The company focuses on providing the employees with a suitable workplace to enhance their level of performance. Also, the organizational objectives include maintaining a quality oriented portfolio of products keeping its focus on the market and following their values (Mission, Vision & Values). Â  

How Canadian doing business in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How Canadian doing business in China - Essay Example China is the epitome of Eastern culture. Any business communications between two countries must be done with care. Western culture in terms of the spoken language can be characterized as low-context. This means Westerners speak in a direct, frank, and oftentimes blunt manner as their language is precise and specific. In contrast, the Eastern culture is high-context in that besides the spoken word, there are added elements to communications such as a smile, frown, silence, aphorism, metaphor, anecdote, or even a joke to deliver a message (Norales, 2006). Added to these subtleties are the strictly local concepts of guanxi and of â€Å"face.† This paper discusses the enduring values and utility of guanxi and face when in China. Guanxi – this refers to the personalized network of contacts and influences in Chinese society. Basically, this word combines the two concepts of relationships and connections which are very central in how Chinese society functions. It is an all-encompassing idea that links two people in a mutually beneficial relationship although the relationship may not be always between two equals. In guanxi, there is an implicit general understanding (without specific requests or demands) in which people benefit from the social connections they had developed over the years through a cycle of reciprocity in granting favors. In this context, a Canadian businessman should first try to develop his guanxi by joining a club or a business association to gain contacts before asking any direct favors from the Chinese. Other members of the association can evaluate the Canadians sincerity by interacting with him without business in mind. Business can be discussed later only when trust is gained and people know each other better (Reuvid & Li, 2006). Guanxi in its literal meaning is â€Å"pass to a hierarchy† and a successful businessman gains influence and the necessary

Mahatma Gandhi- A Hindu Saint Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Mahatma Gandhi- A Hindu Saint - Essay Example Having developed his ideas in South Africa, Gandhi remained committed, through numerous internal and external trials, to his fundamental Hindu beliefs – that love could indeed conquer all – all of which contributed to his ability to change the world. His life ended with an assassin’s bullet on January 30, 1948. The militant who shot him blamed Gandhi for the weakening of India yet today Gandhi is hailed as the father of India and has inspired numerous individuals to lead further social reform in other parts of the world. Building off of his early childhood influences and religious ideals, Gandhi accomplished the changes he did by putting together logical strategies for non-violent political action as a means of addressing humanitarian concerns in both South Africa and India. The main beliefs Gandhi held related to his firm conviction that Indians, as British subjects, were every bit as worthy of fair treatment as whites. He did not feel the Indians should be granted special privileges as is shown in an early statement regarding poverty: â€Å"[W]hile the poor man must strive to improve his condition, let him not hate the ruler and wish his destruction †¦ He must not want rulership for himself, but remain content by earning his own wants. This condition of mutual cooperation and help is the Swaraj [freedom] of my conception† (Arnold, 19). Gandhi’s early traditions taught him to revere all life and he remained a vegetarian for most of his life as a result. He also envisioned the goal of life to be recognition of one’s duty toward others and responsibility to uphold the truth. Early in his life, he managed to apply one of the stories from the Bhagavad Gita to his own life. â€Å"Gandhi saw the battle in which Arjuna was engaged a s an allegorical, not an actual, call to arms, a demonstration of the supreme importance of

Key historical and political trends in nursing research Essay

Key historical and political trends in nursing research - Essay Example Nursing research is not separate from nursing practice, it is a process that is interconnected with, is influenced by and influences other nursing components. These are philosophy, knowledge, science, theory, research, abstract thought processes, and nursing practice. (Burns et al, 2003). Nursing Theory links nursing knowledge to research and nursing practice. Dennis (1997) defines nursing theory as "a set of concepts and propositions derived from philosophical beliefs about the phenomena of interest to the discipline; relationships between concepts and propositions of a nursing theory purport to describe and explain characteristic phenomena of interest to nursing". (Dennis,1997 p.2). Nursing history is laced with nurses who have developed theories to explain nursing. Florence Nightingale is considered the first theorist and nurse researcher. Her principles of pure air, pure water, efficient drainage, cleanliness, light, proper nutrition, and rest were necessary elements to prevent spread of disease and maintain good health. Her precepts formed the basis of education for nurses during this time period. The 1950s, 1960s, and early 1970 saw the emergence of nurse researchers who sought to answer the questions pertaining to the role of the nurse and patient - nurse interaction. During this period, nurses developed nursing theories derived from the fields of sociology, and education. (Kukkala and Munnukka, 1994). Prominent figures were Hildegarde Peplau, who was concerned about developing interpersonal interaction between patient and nurse. Virginia Henderson focused on assisting the patient to gain independence. Faye Abdellah concentrated on delivering holistic nursing care Dorothea Orem focused on assisting the patient to attain self-care. These women set the path for the knowledge and theoretical base of the nursing profession. The National Center for Nursing Research, established in

Advocates violence Essay Example for Free

Advocates violence Essay A hate group is â€Å"a group or movement that advocates violence against or unreasonable hate or hostility toward those persons or organizations identified by their religion, race, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, or disability† (Wikipedia, 2004). The ideology of hate groups is based on the inaccurate information using for disparagement. The members of hate groups prejudge each individual in the target group as low or contemptible. They believe in the supremacy of their race, religion and use the violence and intimidation as the tools of the infuence on the target groups. How they do it? Usual tactics of the hate group includes four main elements: dehumanizing or demonizing the target; use of the conspiracy, theories, possibly not well backed up or referenced; claiming for manifesting interests of majority, support of thef pseudo-scientific theories using as the background for their grudge against target groups. The Southern Poverty Law Centers Intelligence Project reckoned up that 751 hate groups were active in the United States in 2003 (http://www. tolerance. org/maps/hate/state. jsp? T=12m=2). The most infamous and oldest American hate group is the Ku Klux Klan. This movement joined more than 150 various hate groups. The target of the attacks of the Ku Klux Klan is blacks, Jews, immigrants and gays. Today the most active Ku Klux Klan organization in the USA is the Church of the American Knights of the KKK. This radical wing of the Ku Klux Klun is led by Jeff Berry and had strong prositions among other hate groups of the state of Indiana. While other KKK groups are trying to represent themselves as a civic organization for whites, the American Knights actively propagate strong measures against minorities. The credo of the American Knights is expressed in Jeff Berry’s speech: â€Å"We hate Jews, We hate niggers†¦. I’m a Yankee and I have never heard the word thank you in the nigger vocabulary†¦. We don’t like you niggers†¦ Tell me one thing your race has accomplished. † (ADL audio tape of Jasper rally, October, 1998 rally in Jasper, TX cited by http://www. adl. org/backgrounders/american_knights_kkk. asp). The same ideas we see in the Platform of the American Knights: Enemies from within are destroying the United States of America. An unholy coalition of anti-White, anti-Christian liberals, socialists, feminists, homosexuals, jews [sic] and militant blacks have managed to seize control of our government and mass media. This gang of criminals and degenerates has declared war on the hard working, tax paying, White citizens †¦ The American Knights of the Ku Klux Klan plan to change things for the better. We shall liberate our nation from these savage criminals and restore law and order to America. (cited by ADL backgrounder, 1999) But the hate groups do not only tell terrible words. They also do the terrible things. Every hour in the USA someone commits a hate crime. Every day at least eight blacks, three whites, three gays, three Jews and one Latino become hate crime victims. Every week a cross is burned. Three crosses were burned in the yard of a mixed-race family in the March of 2003 (Ladoga, IN). Swastikas and offensive messages were burned into the lawns of four residences (St. John, IN). The Knights of the Ku Klux Klan distribute their flyers throughout a neighborhood. According to FBI statistic â€Å"the greatest growth in hate crimes in recent years is against Asian Americans and gays and lesbians† (http://www. tolerance. org/pdf/ten_ways. pdf). But the noble Knights of KKK do their business only with hidden faces: â€Å"It is essential to the organization to allow members to preserve their anonymity since, if members are not allowed to appear in public without being able to maintain their anonymity, they will not participate in public events† http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hate_group

Thoreau and Transcendentalism Essay Example for Free

Thoreau and Transcendentalism Essay Henry David Thoreau’s Walden is an anthem to transcendentalism. Among the transcendentalists core beliefs was the inherent goodness of both people and nature. Transcendentalists believed that society and its institutions—particularly religion and politics—corrupted the purity of the individual. They believed that people were at their best when they were self-reliant. The central recurring theme that emerges in transcendentalism is a return to nature. Thoreau sets out for Walden Pond to observe, learn, and explore, indicative of his transcendentalist beliefs. In Walden, Thoreau explains his convictions of transcendentalism through his imagery of nature and appreciation of Nature’s sounds, especially in the climactic seventeenth chapter, â€Å"Spring†. Thoreau discovers that one nice thing about living in the woods â€Å"was that [he] should have the leisure and opportunity to see the spring come in (1138). He studies the ice melting and listens for birds, and by mid-March, he has heard a bluebird, song-sparrow, and red-wing. With the days passing, he also notes the depth of the ice on the pond. The ice is still a foot thick when he hears these birds. Living in a climate of four completely different seasons, and being away from the constant din of civilization (except for the railroad and church bells), makes this process of observing the introduction of Spring unique for Thoreau. Little delights Thoreau more than watching rivulets of sand and clay â€Å"burst† and â€Å"overflow† through the snow in banks, such as those on the bank by the railroad. Seeing â€Å"the various shades of the sand†, â€Å"singularly rich and agreeable (1139), makes him feel as though he stood in the laboratory of the Artist who made the world and me (1139). Thoreau sees these little streams replicated in tree leaves, blood vessels, and ice crystals. In this way, the hillside illustrated the principle of all the operations of Nature (1141). In this same section of â€Å"Spring†, Thoreau makes a significant connection between the transcendentalists and their religious beliefs. Thoreau refers to God as the Artist who made the world and me (1140), a transcendentalist understanding of the divine. He compares man to a mass of thawing clay (1140) with fingers and toes leaves and the ear as lichen, echoing the image of God as a potter in Jeremiah. According to Thoreau, the earth is not a fossil, but rather ongoing artistry. He perceives that the earth is a living creature and â€Å"nothing inorganic† exists (1141), a tribute to the fact that it is always in process. One can see God face-to-face by studying Nature. Thoreau uses beautiful language to create the image of Nature being pregnant. He explains the life-like forms that can be seen everywhere in Nature with the sentence: â€Å"No wonder that the earth expresses itself outwardly in leaves, it so labors with the idea inwardly† (1140, emphasis added); Nature is pregnant with an abstract and metaphysical idea that is coming out in the form of a leaf. As Nature gives birth, her bowels are exposed, presenting her as the â€Å"mother of humanity† (1141). Bowels are obviously something internal, something one would not necessarily see, and the fact that Nature is exposing herself is note-worthy for Thoreau. When the snow has somewhat melted, Thoreau takes notice of the â€Å"withered vegetation which had withstood the winter† (1142). The red squirrels move under Thoreaus house and chirp continually, even when he stomps on the floor. He is thrilled to see the first sparrow of the season and to hear the birds songs again. Walden Pond continues melting, opening up canals on all sides. A large piece of ice has broken off the â€Å"main body† (1143) and a song-sparrow sings to assist its further breaking. A â€Å"ribbon of water† glitters in the sun. The pond is â€Å"full of glee and youth† (1143). In all of this, Thoreau sees the contrast between winter and spring (1143) and notes that Walden was dead and is alive again (1143). The change from Winter to Spring seems instantaneous, filling Thoreaus house with light, and he hears a robin sing as if he has not heard one for a thousand years. The use of imagery and sounds in this section of â€Å"Spring† exhibit Thoreau’s excitement about the changing of seasons and the end of a long, cold, â€Å"dead† Winter. Later in the chapter, Thoreau goes fishing. He hears a strange â€Å"rattling† sound and looks up to see a hawk soaring overhead, â€Å"with proud reliance in the fields of air† (1145). It looked as if it had never set foot on land and had its nest in the clouds. Thoreau catches sliver, gold, and coppery fish, which look like jewels when all strung together. His morning fishing venture is proof enough of immortality for Thoreau, as evidenced when he proclaims that â€Å"there needs no stronger proof of immortality. All things must live in such a light† (1146). He also â€Å"love[s] to see that Nature is so rife with life that myriads can be afforded to be sacrificed and suffered to prey on one another† (1146), and watching a vulture devour carrion or seeing a dead horse on the side of the road reminds him of humanity’s health and strength. His ability to confront death of living things shows his acceptance of deaths inevitability and lifes continuity. In Walden, Henry David Thoreau defines his own personal understanding of transcendentalism. For him, the divine is most sublimely expressed in nature. The overriding theme of Thoreau’s â€Å"Spring† is rebirth, a Christian conception that Thoreau applies to nature. With the surfacing of spring, he is reborn along with his surroundings, and his euphoria in describing nature reveals his positive and passionate perspective. Transcendentalism is the term through which Thoreau can explain coming to an understanding of the divine and mans place in nature at Walden Pond. For him, the role of God as an â€Å"artist† (1140) is inspiring. After living in the woods next to Walden Pond for two years, Henry David Thoreau developed his own ideas of transcendentalism, an important spiritual union between nature and oneself.

History of Chemotherapy and Cancer Treatment Research

History of Chemotherapy and Cancer Treatment Research An Early Victory A few doors from Freireichs office at the NCI, Min Chiu Li and Roy Hertz had been studying choriocarcinoma, a cancer of the placenta, which often metastasizes rapidly into the lung and the brain. Choriocarcinoma cells secrete a hormone called choriogonadotropin. The level of that hormone, also called the hcg level, was used by Li to track the course of the cancer as it responded to the therapy. In 1956, a young woman called Ethel Longoria suffered from choriocarcinoma that had metastasized to her lungs. Her tumors had begun to bleed into the linings of her lungs. Li and Hertz stabilized her and then treated her with methotrexate. After the first dose, when the doctors left for the night, they didnt expect that theyd find her in rounds the next morning. But she was alive. After four rounds of therapies, her tumor disappeared; the chest X-ray improved; and the hcg level rapidly plummeted toward zero. The tumors had actually vanished with chemotherapy. The trouble was the hcg level had not gone all the way to zero. Although the tumor seemed to have vanished, Li continued to treat her with chemotherapy based on her elevated hCG levels. The NCI administration disapproved, feeling that Li was experimenting on his patients, and fired him in July 1957. However, Li was ultimately proven to be right. Those patients whose chemotherapy were stopped once the visible tumors disappeared inevitably relapsed, while those who continued the treatment until their hcg levels had gone to zero were cured. Li had stumbled on a fundamental principle of oncology: Cancer needed to be systemically treated long after every visible sign of it had vanished. Mice and Men Adding vincristine to the arsenal of chemotherapy drugs had put the researchers at the NCI in a bind. It would take forever for the consortium to finish its trials because of the large number of permutations and combinations of drugs needed to be tested. Howard Skipper, a scientist from Alabama, provided Frei and Freireich a way out of the impasse. Skipper, who called himself a mouse doctor, was an outsider to the NCI. He had tested chemotherapy drugs in mice with leukemia, lymphomas and solid tumors as models for human cancers and came up with two pivotal findings: Chemotherapy kills a fixed percentage of cancer cells per treatment. The patients would need to be treated multiple times to get the compounded iterative effect; and Chemotherapy drugs are more effective when given in combination to optimize cancer killing capacity while minimizing drug resistance and side effects. Freireich and Frei were now ready to tackle a four-drug regimen known as VAMP, with each letter standing for one drug. VAMP When Frei and Freireich presented their preliminary plan for VAMP to the Acute Leukemia Group B (ALGB) at a national meeting on blood cancers, the audience hesitated. The group refused to sponsor VAMP until the many other trials had been completed. But Frei Came up with a compromise: VAMP would be studied at the NCI, outside the purview of the ALGB. The VAMP trial was launched in 1961. At the end of three intensively painful weeks, the leukemia cells went into remission. The remissions persisted for weeks, exceeding everyones expectation at the NCI. A few weeks later, the NCI sent another small cohort of patients to try VAMP. Once again, after the initial catastrophic dip, the leukemia vanished. The remissions were reliable and durable. In the fall of 1963, some children in remission came back to the clinic with minor neurological complaints such as headaches, numbness, and seizures. To investigate the possibility of cancer cells invading the brain, Frei and Freireich examined the childrens spinal fluid, and confirmed that leukemia cells were colonizing the brain. The neurological complaints were early signs of a more serious devastation. Eventually all the children came back with neurological complaints went into coma. It was a consequence of the bodys own defense system. The blood-brain barrier had kept VAMP out of the central nervous system, allowing the leukemia cells to colonize the one place that is unreachable by chemotherapy. But not all children had relapsed and died. About 5 percent of the treated children never relapsed with leukemia in the central nervous system. They remained in remission not just for weeks or months, but for years. An Anatomists Tumor In 1832, an English anatomist named Thomas Hodgkin (1798-1866) found a strange systemic disease among a series of cadavers. The disease was characterized by a peculiar enlargement of lymph glands. He wrote up the case of seven such cadavers and presented it to the Medical and Chirurgical Society. It was received with little enthusiasm. Soon after publishing his paper, Hodgkin drift away from medicine, and his anatomical studies slowly came to a halt. Hodgkins disease is a cancer of the lymph glands. The tumor moves from one contiguous node to another. It is a local disease on the verge of transforming into a systemic one. In 1898, an Austrian pathologist named Carl Sternberg discovered the cancerous lymph cells when looking through a microscope at a patients glands. Henry Kaplan, a professor of radiology at Stanford wanted to use radiation to treat human cancers. He knew radiation could treat solid tumors could be treated with radiation, but the outer shell of the cancer needed to be penetrated deep enough to kill cancer cells. A linear accelerator (linac) with its sharp, dense beam would be ideal for that purpose. In 1953, he persuaded Standford to tailor-make a linac for the hospital. With the linac in operation, Kaplan contemplated on his cancer target. Since Linac could only focus on local sites, his natural target was Hodgkins disease, a predictable local tumor. Kaplan wanted to prove that he could improve relapse-free survival by using a technique called extended field radiation (EFR). Under EFR, the X-rays are delivered to an entire area of lymph notes rather than to a single swollen node. In 1962, Kaplan conducted a trial. The result showed that EFR had significantly reduced the relapse rate of Hodgkins disease. In 1964, he did another trial with a larger field of radiation on a limited cohort of patients with tumors in just a few contiguous lymph nodes. The result showed even greater relapse-free intervals, stretching out into years. Wasnt the logic of extended field radiation similar to radical surgery -carving out larger and larger areas for treatment? Why did Kaplan succeed where others had failed? Kaplan was successful because he restricted radiotherapy to patients with early stage local cancers. Those are the natural disease for radiotherapy. Advanced-stage cancers are inherently different and would require other forms of treatment. An Army on the March In 1963 at the NCI Clinical Center in Bethesda, a group of researchers, including Zubrod, George Canellos, Frei, Freireich, and Vincent DeVita were making a list of cytotoxic drugs on one side of a blackboard. On the other side was a list of new cancers they want to target breast, ovarian, lymphomas, lung cancers. Connecting between the two lists were lines matching combinations of drugs to cancers. One question that came to their mind was whether chemotherapy could ever cure patients with any advanced cancers. The only way to answer that generic question was to direct the growing army of drugs against other cancers. They knew leukemia responded to combination chemotherapy. If another kind of cancer also responded to that strategy, then combination chemotherapy might cure all cancers. To test the principle, they focused on Hodgkins disease-a cancer that was both solid and liquid, a stepping-stone between leukemia and, say, breast cancer or lung cancer. Kaplan had proved that radiation therapy can cure local forms of Hodgkins disease. If they could prove that combination chemotherapy can cure metastatic Hodgkins disease, then the equation would be fully solved. In 1964, DeVita led the test of combination chemotherapy for metastatic Hodgkins disease. He combined four drugs-nitrogen mustard, oncovin, prednisone, and procarbasine into a highly toxic cocktail called MOPP. The nausea that accompanied the therapy was devastating. The toxic cocktail had weakened the immune system allowing pneumocystis carinii (PCP), a rare form of pneumonia, to sprout up. The therapy had caused permanent sterility in men and some women. The result of the study was remarkable. At the end of six months, 35 of the 43 patients had a complete remission. The most disturbing side effect would emerge a decade later. Several patients, cured of Hodgkins disease, would relapse with a second cancer, typically a drug-resistant leukemia caused by the prior MOPP therapy. *** In May 1968, Frei and Freireichs VAMP combination chemo had cured most of the children with leukemia in their bone marrow, but not the leukemia that had spread to their brain. A 36-year-old oncologist name Donald Pinkel thought that VAMP had not been intensive enough. Pinkel, a protà ©gà © of Farbers, had been recruited from Boston to start the leukemia program at St. Judess Hospital in Memphis. He determined to push the logic of combination chemotherapy to its limit with four crucial innovations: To use combinations of combinations of drugs mixed and matched together for maximum effect; To instill chemotherapy directly into the nervous system via the spinal cord; To kill residual cells in the brain by high-dose radiation; and To continue chemotherapy for month after month, even after the cancer seemed to have disappeared. The treatment protocol started with the standard chemotherapy drugs given in rapid-fire succession. The spinal canal was injected with methotrexate at defined intervals. The brain was irradiated with high doses of X-rays. The treatment lasted up to 30 months. It was an all-out combat. In July 1968, the St. Judes team published its results: Twenty-seven out of the thirty-one treated had a complete remission. Ten had never relapsed. The median time to relapse had increased to five years. By 1979, 278 patients had completed their chemotherapy. About 20 percent had relapsed, 80 percent was still in complete remission, disease free, after chemotherapy. The Cart and the House By the fall of 1968, the successes of the trials in Bethesda and in Memphis shifted the landscape of cancer therapy. The success of chemotherapy for both leukemia and Hodgkins disease made it seem like a unifying solution for cancer. In Boston, Farber celebrated the news by throwing a public party. He recast the occasion as the symbolic twenty-first birthday of Jimmy. Conspicuously missing from the guest list was the original Jimmy himself-Einar Gustafson. The real Jimmy had returned to a private life in Maine, where he now lived with his wife and three kids. As clinical oncologists were offering their unifying solution for cancer, cancer scientists were offering its unifying cause: viruses. The grandfather of this theory was Peyton Rous, a chicken virologist at the Rockefeller Institute in New York. In 1911, Rous discovered that a malignant tumor growing on a chicken could be transferred to another chicken by exposing the healthy bird to a filtrate derived from the tumor cells. He concluded that the cancer was transmitted by a virus. This virus is now known as the Rous sarcoma virus, or RSV. This discovery had set off a frantic search for more cancer viruses. In 1958, an Irish surgeon named Denis Burkitt discovered an aggressive form of lymphoma among children in Africa. Analyzing the cancer cells from these children, two British virologists discovered a human virus inside them. The new virus was named Epstein-Barr virus or EBV. Because viral diseases were potentially preventable, the NCI inaugurated a Special Virus Cancer Program in the early 1960s to systematically hunt for human cancer viruses. The cancer virus theory needed a deeper explanation: how might viruses cause a cell to become malignant? The success of cytotoxic chemotherapy raised a fundamental question: how would the therapy, the cure, connect with the cause of the cancer? As Kenneth Endicott, the NCI director, acknowledged in 1963: The program directed by the National Cancer Institute has been derided as one that puts the cart before the horse by searching for a cure before knowing the cause. But for Mary Lasker, this cart would have to drag the horse.

The Great Gatsby Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  F. Scott Fitzgerald’s use of flashback in The Great Gatsby proves to be an effective tool in order to reveal information from the characters’ past. These flashbacks are effective because they allow the reader to know and understand the character better before a situation in the novel arises. Three examples of flashbacks that Fitzgerald uses are when Jordan explains to Nick how and when she first met Gatsby on page 79, when Nick explains to the reader how Gatsby got his name and what his childhood was like on page 104, and when Nick explains again to the reader what happened when Gatsby returned from the war on page 160. The placement and effectiveness of these flashbacks allow Fitzgerald to give more background to each character and to allow the reader to better understand the situation that each character is experiencing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first example of flashback that Fitzgerald provides takes place on page 79. In this flashback, Jordan explains to Nick how she first met Gatsby. She explains to Nick that when the girls were eighteen, he was with Daisy Fay in her â€Å"little white roadster.† This flashback is effective because it gives us an idea of how Daisy and Gatsby’s relationship was purely based on beauty and not friendship. The placement of the above quote was essential because it allows us to experience early in the novel how Gatsby had a relationship with Daisy. This first example of flashback by Fitzgerald proves to be...

Leaving My Home :: Personal Narrative Traveling Essays

Leaving My Home We finally found gate C-4 after what seemed like an interminably long time. I rejoiced to see the rows of plush cushioned chairs. My aching legs were also thankful after wandering the long cramped halls of O'Hare's bustling airport. Although the halls exuded spaciousness, the throngs of impatient people thwarted any chance for a leisurely stroll. However, I could not concentrate on this scene of busy travelers and cramped corridors. For the airport and my trip to Argentina seemed surreal to me as I dreamed of my dog Max and my bedroom and how long it would be until I saw them again. This after all was just a stop on a busy road to my future. Of all the rows of chairs, we staked out five that were closest to the boarding doors. My parents sat across from me, and observed me like birds that watch their fledgling take its first flight. My sisters Rebecca and Elizabeth sat on either side of me, both filled with the anxious thoughts of a year without a brother and friend. Then it was time for us to wait. At first the comfort of sitting in the cushioned chairs and staring out the large glass windows was enough. I saw the planes make their exits from the sky to come gliding onto the runway. Although made of metal those birds land gracefully. A slight squall from the tires, a bit of smoke, but all in one smooth slip from the sky to skating across the open pavement. They taxi their ways along the integral paths of painted yellow lines. Each one was like an ant moving purposely about its assignment without disturbing its fellow workers. The men and women on the ground crew carefully orchestrated it all with orange batons and walkie-talkies, making sure there is no confusion. The plane returns to its port like a seaman after a long voyage. Their thoughts are only that it's good to be home. The scene soon became monotonous. The planes always nearly landed on the tail of the one just departed. They turned with the same motions following the same paths to yet another loading dock. Even the questions that quarry an observer ran stagnant. Where were all those planes going? It became apparent that they are all on journeys without any final destination. They only hope to get in as many miles as is possible in their lifetimes.

Vincent Van Gogh :: essays research papers

On March 30, 1853 Vincent Van Gogh was born in the small village of Groot-Zundert, Holland. When he is eleven, he begins schooling where he starts to draw for the first time. People begin to notice how magnificent his works were, and after he finishes school he begins to sell his paintings to art dealers. Van Gogh starts spending more time with his brother Theo. They create a deep bond with each other and discuss things, which today, help us understand Van Gogh much better. In 1873, he joins the London branch of the art dealers he originally started out with. He spends most of his time in museums and learns a great deal of information. He likes living in London and soon falls in love with the daughter of the owner at the boarding house where he was living at the time. He gets rejected which puts him in a deep depression, which distracts him from his work. He is soon transferred to the Paris branch of the art dealer. There is not much for him Paris so within a year he returns to L ondon. Even though he is back in London, he is still very distracted in his work. At the same time, he becomes obsessed with bible studies. Van Gogh resigns from his position in 1876 and leaves for Ramsgate, England. There, he takes a job as a teacher and curates with the local minister. The more obsessive his interest in religion gets, the worse his physical and mental state get. He leaves England a year later to take up religious studies in Amsterdam. He soon comes to an end of his formal religious studies, and travels to a small coal-mining district in Belgium. Conditions for the miners are terrible, but Van Gogh reads them the bible and gives them hope. Soon enough, he devotes all of his time to helping the miners by bringing food and clothing to the miners. Although his superiors like what he is doing, they believe that his behavior and religious belief is extreme. His position in the mining district is discontinued and he suffers great depression. In 1880 comes the turning poi nt of Van Gogh’s Life. He once again becomes interested in art and takes up further education at the academy of Brussels. He spends time with another painter Anton Mauve who introduces him to water colors.

“Examine the reasons for changes in the patterns of marriage, divorce and cohabitation over the past 40 years.” Essay

The patterns of marriage, divorce and cohabitation over the past 40 years has varied quite significantly. In 1972, the highest ever number of couples (480,000) since the Second World War got married. Now, obviously there is a reason for this. According to the Office for National Statistics (ONS), this was due to the baby boom generation of the 1950s reaching marriageable age and these people choosing to marry at a younger age compared with previous generations. However, after this period, the number of marriages in England and Wales then went into decline. Most recently, marriages reached an all-time low in 2005 when only 244,710 couples got married. Some people would say that it reached so low because people are rejecting marriage and are no longer bothered about it. But in fact, statistics reveal that many people are actually delaying marriage. It is said that most people will marry at some point in their lives, but people are deciding to marry later in life, most likely after a period of cohabitation. A reason for this is probably because couples want to â€Å"Test the water† before they make any commitments. Evidence to support the â€Å"marrying later in life† view is that the average age for first-time bridges in 2003 was 29 years and for all grooms 31 years, compared with 22 for women and 24 for men in 1971. In particular women may want to delay marriage so they can advance their career prospects. As well as a decline in the total number of marriages, there is also a decline in marriage rates (the number of people marrying per 1000 of the population aged 16 and over). In 1994, the marriage rate was 11.4 but this had declined to 10.3 by 2004. The male rate declined from 36.3 in 1994 to 27.8 in 2004 whilst the female rate declined from 30.6 to 24.6. Once again, even though there is a decline, British Social Attitude Surveys indicate that most people, whether single, divorced or cohabitating, still see marriage as a desirable life-goal, and therefore will most likely will get married at some point in the future, particularly if they are having children, because they believe that this is best done in the context of marriage. Another change in the patterns of marriage is that two fifths of all marriages are remarriages, in which one or both partners have been divorced. These people are obviously committed to the institution of marriage despite their previous negative experience of it. The reason for this trend could possibly because their first marriages were empty-shell marriages. This is where there is no love or intimacy between them, but the marriage persists for the sake of the children until they are old enough. They then might have wanted to start a new life, including a re-marriage. Despite the decrease in the overall number of people marrying, married couples are still the main type of partnership for men and women in the UK. In 2005, seven in ten families were headed by a married couple. In terms of Divorce – the legal ending of a marriage, this has increased rapidly since 1969 due to a piece of legislation that granted divorce on the basis of â€Å"irretrievable breakdown† – the Divorce Reform Act of 1969. In addition, since 1984, couples have been able to petition for divorce after the first anniversary of their marriage. This law made the Divorce rate shoot high because it generally made it easier and cheaper to end marriages. In addition, people were finally able to legally to end all connections, as previously when divorce was either too expensive or difficult to obtain, separation was very common, which was when a couple decided to live away from each other. To go into more detail of the trend of increased divorces, in 1993, the number of divorces peaked at 180,000. By 2000, this figure had fallen to 154,000, although the years 2001 – 2004 have seen a gradual rise to 167,100. There are now nearly half as many divorces as marriages and, if present trends continue, about 40% of current marriages will end in divorce. An acceptable reason for this increasing trend of divorce is that it is no longer associated with stigma and shame. Britain’s culture is based upon Christian religion, and Christians believe that marriage is for life (‘till death do us part’). However, over years, changes in attitudes and secularisation have emerged, and the view that divorce can lead to greater happiness for the individual is more acceptable. A third reason which could explain the increasing divorce rates is down to women wanting to improve educational and career opportunities. In 1870, the Education Act passed by Gladstone’s government meant that every child between the ages of five and fifteen had the opportunity for elementary education. Not only did this produce a large literate generation of people, but it also improved the girls reading and writing ability, which previously was much lower than boys. Now, women have their own stable careers with a good wage, and thus do not have to be unhappily married because they are financially dependent on their husband. Feminists note that women’s expectations of marriage have radically changed, compared with previous generations. In the 1990s, most divorce petitions were put forward by women. This may support Thornes and Collard’s (1979) view that women expect far more from marriage than men and, in particular, that they value friendship and emotional gratification more than then do. If husbands fail to love up to these expectations, women may feel the need to look elsewhere. This would also support the fact that, on average, the number of divorce proceedings started by women is about 70%. Finally, functionalist sociologists argue that high divorce rates are evidence that marriage is increasingly valued and that people are demanding higher standards from their partners. They believe that couples are no longer prepared to put up with unhappy, empty-shell marriages, as people want emotional and sexual compatibility and equality, as well as companionship. It is said that some are even willing to go through a number of partners to achieve these goals, and if they marry every time they meet a new partner, then obviously they are going to contribute a lot more to the rising divorce rates. The final area of the diverse family is cohabitation. The basic trend of cohabitation is that it is on the increase and has been for the last decade. The proportion of non-married people cohabiting has risen sharply in the last 20 years from 11% of men and 13% of women in 1986 to 24% and 25% respectively. In 2007, the Office for National Statistics (ONS) suggested that cohabiting couples are the fastest growing family type in the UK. In fact, around 2.2 million families are cohabiting couples with or without children. This family type has grown by 65% since 1997, and really, the numbers are likely to be higher than this because the ONS data did not include same-sex couples living together. In addition, the ONS data suggested that a third of teenagers in 2007 were destined to cohabit rather than marry, compared with one in ten of their grandparents. As we gathered that the general trend is on the increase, it’s good to know the reasons why. One of the first reasons, which I mentioned earlier on, is that people like to cohabit to â€Å"test the water.† During this period, they will assess whether they (the couple) are compatible with each other and whether they will be able to live with each other before making any sort of commitments. After all, cohabitation on average lasts for 5 years, which then 60% of cohabitees will then marry. Another reason for the said trend is that there are a significant number of people who live together whilst waiting for a divorce. For example, in 2005, 23% of cohabiting men were separated from a pervious partner whilst 36% were divorced. So although a person may be married, they may have separated and moved into another house to live with a person they have met. They will then be counted as a cohabitee. A third reason for the increased rate of cohabitation could be because people are put off the cost of marriage. According to Wedding Guide UK, the average cost of a traditional wedding in the UK is around  £11,000. In addition to the price, some people are also put off because of the religious ceremony of marriage. This is because overtime we have become a more secular society. Both of these factors to some people will refrain them from marrying, because in their eyes they see it as long as they are with each other in a happy and loving relationship, they don’t need a ring or a piece of paper with their names on it.

Botany-Passive Transport Answers Essay

Substances necessary for normal growth and development of plants must continually be transported into cells while metabolic wastes must be eliminated so that they won’t accumulate inside the cells. For instance, water as well as mineral salts from the soil solution enter root cells while carbon dioxide and oxygen through tiny pores known as stomata in leaves and lenticels in stem. Excess oxygen not utilized during cell respiration as well as oxygen produced during photosynthesis is released to the atmosphere. In most cases, movement of these substances is along a concentration gradient, that is, from regions of greater concentration to regions of less concentration. Such type of transport is known as passive transport. Diffusion is a type of transport which is concerned with the movement of solute particles. Aside from concentration gradient, factors affecting the rate of diffusion include the temperature, size of diffusing molecules and presence of other molecules aside from the diffusing one. Osmosis, on the other hand, is another type of passive transport, which is involved in the movement of solvent (e.g. water) through a semi-permeable membrane. In osmosis, the presence of a differentially permeable membrane as well as differences in the concentration of the medium and the intracellular substance (i.e. cell sap) are factors to consider in determining the direction of water flow. (madel, dito gawa k ng visuals na puede,.. kung aong maisip mo di ko nga alam kung ano puede ndin ilgay †¦. Ano kaya gagamitin ntin? Naka-acetate oh sa manila paper kaw n bhala..;) Now the walls of these cells are made of a stuff a bit like a really fine netting that will let water through but not salt (a partially permiable membrane). Now water and salt prefer being mixed together than seperated, and water will move through the cell wall towards whichever side is the saltiest, this is called osmosis. This means that because outside is saltier the water leaves the cells, so the cells empty, and like a half full bag of water, go all floppy so the whole lettuce leaf goes floppy Now if you put the leaf in fresh water there are more salts in the leaf than in the water, so water will move back into the cells making them blow up like balloons again and become all strong and rigid. So if you have some old limp Lettuce soaking it in water for a while for a while will make it go crisp again. -The leaf in the salt water would be dehydrated, as its internal osmotic pressure would make water from the leaf seep through the cellular membranes. -it’s osmosis. the cells in the leaf are permeable to water but not salt,so if you immerse the leaf in salt water the cell will absorb water trying to balance the osmotic pressure .if you put the leaf in fresh water the cells will dump water,the salt water will cause the cells to absorb too much water and they will burst,the fresh water leaf will dehydrate and wrinkle,i think i got it right but don’t quote me. -Your talking about tonicity, the salt solution is hypertonic and would pull fluid from the plasmodesmata in the plant cells†¦the plain water being relatively isotonic would have little loss of fluid depending on where you live in the country and if you used tap water or bottled. Its the same concept of cellular dehydration and water toxicity in human cells.

In Every Cloud there is a Silver Lining

There I was weeping tirelessly for hours on end, almost creating a miniature pond on the ground. My months of preparations had gone to waste. All my plans and decisions I had hoped to undertake ruined. I had planned out my great voyage to the head chief for months. Each and every step I was to take was already decided. But according to my tradition I had to get permission from my mother before leaving. Then it all happened without even listening to all I had to say I heard ‘NO'. A word I feel no man can define and a word that should never exist in anyone's dictionary. There I was foolishly weeping when my motive was to show how much better our lives would be without these traditions yet following them my self. I was to do what I believe was my destiny. I was to do what I believed god created me to do. 1000's of 1000's of years of tradition had been followed in my community. Tradition that I believed was pointless, insensitive, meaningless and inappropriate to follow. Without anyone's consent again I set out to break and change these traditions for our betterment. I packed my bags and headed straight for Chief Souza, the man who is believed to be our god. The man with endless power at his fingertips, what he said happened and he was the only man who could fulfill my destiny. Getting to his home was the least of my worries. I simply had to walk for a short 2 1/2 hours down the sandy graveled road leading straight to his village and his home. I set off without any delays and a short while later I found my self and the grand gate and luxurious village of Chief Souza. My body pushing itself towards the door and with one final deep gulp of air and pushed open the doors. Then I realized I had already achieved a lot and am much closer to achieving my ‘destiny'. Without wasting any time in greetings and worthless talk on my health and family with the Chief I got straight down to the point. I shared a piece of my mind with the Chief not leaving any detail or feeling behind. I never feared his immense power and now in front of him certainly I would not. Step by step telling Chief Souza exactly what my motive is and the reason behind my decision to fight against my tradition. Finally completing my argument against our tradition I looked eye to eye with the Chief. He stared at me as if I had gone crazy and just then I realized what a mess I had got myself into. I realized what a dim-witted person I was to barge into the most superior man's house in the entire community and blast him about how shallow our tradition is. But then again I believed it was my destiny and this is the backbone in my life. This is why I lived. Then something struck me, something hard and heavy and within seconds I dropped to the ground like a stick. Upon awakening I found a rope around my neck and a sack over my head. Despite not being able to see anything I knew the Chief had found my words as an insult to his community and ordered for me to be hung. It hurt really badly as I never even had the chance to question my community on what they found wrong with my words. What was wrong if I had my own opinion about the community and our tradition? It was too late I felt the plank beneath my feet, currently keeping me up, being pulled till I had nothing to balance on. My life had come to an end but my soul would not rest until I accomplished my goal. My mother cried and cried endless for days, wondering ‘Where had I gone wrong in education my son? Why, why, why did he not listen to me? ‘ Everyday each member of the community considers ‘What did he say wrong? He shared his feelings something no one has the courage to do. ‘ Each member of the community started looking at life from a different perspective a perspective in which they can live their lives how they wanted to and not by what their tradition, our tradition, my tradition said. My community members finally realized what I was trying to project. Within a couple of days, I gained my biggest victory our tradition was altered and every member of our community was free to live life their way! Then it became clear to me, if I had not sacrificed my life for the betterment of my community the changes done to our tradition now would never have happened. So even in a dark cloud like the death of a community member came, there really is a silver lining in it. Now my soul will rest in peace!

Hate Crimes toward Sexual Orientation

We will remember not the words of our enemies, but the silence of our friends. † – Dry. Martin Luther King Jar. Every day, somewhere in the world, men, women and children are tortured and even killed because of their beliefs, their race, the way they look, or the way they live. And this will go on until the rest of the world stops being quiet and takes a stand against the hatred that causes these crimes. Hate crimes are well known issue in today's society.According to Joseph Healed, â€Å"One possible explanation for at least some hate rimes is that they are fueled by perceived threats, frustration and fear, and anger and scapegoat† is one reason behind the cause (2011). All humanity possesses a voice to the injustice of violence. Inclusion of sexual orientation in the federal hate crime law was rejected by the U. S. Senate in the late asses, even while hate crimes targeting specifically gays and lesbians increased during the same period (Kamala & Nolan, 1999). Sp rees of violence are always directed to one another, especially towards the weak and defenseless.The racial spree killer Benjamin Smith, the ragging death of James Byrd, and the humiliating murder of Matthew Sheppard, all stand as reminders that the bigotry that kills is much more than the few unfortunate reminders of the United States history (Perry, 2001). There is a significant relationship between hate crimes and psychological impact to the victim and the victim's community where a priority response is actually needed. The consequences caused and done by hate crimes cannot be measured solely in terms of physical injury or dollars and cents.Intimidation of other members of the victim's community, leaving hem feeling isolated, vulnerable and unprotected by the law is effected immediately with the presence of hate crimes. By making members of minority communities fearful, angry and suspicious of other groups and of the power structure that is supposed to protect them. These inciden ts can damage the fabric of our society and fragment communities. There was a blob has been found where there lots of victim experienced hate crimes based on sexual orientation.One of them which attracted me the most was from James, who was gay black male (2010), he described how he as assaulted in a public place by someone that he did not even know: [l] was attacked at a bar by a complete stranger! This has been the worst chapter in my journey. As a result of the attack, my right hummers was broken at the surgical neck. The incident occurred at a bar in the city's largest entertainment district. The district's name is Power and Light. It is common knowledge to residents of our area, the district has experienced many problems with issues of discrimination.I work across the street from the district and never experienced any problems until this. The attack occurred inside the bar. It was after a huge football game for our local team. At a certain point, this really drunk guy starting yelling and calling me names! Not one of the bouncers or servers asked him to leave. The whole thing happened very quickly. One minute he was calling me â€Å"Fagged†, the next minute I was being â€Å"attacked†. As he tried to hit me in the face, he lost his footing and fell on top of me in the process. As a result of his weight and mine, my hummers immediately broke.I could feel the bar start, almost instantly! At that point, the wait staff helped Him up and asked him to leave. I was in so much pain at that point, and embarrassed. Not once did any of the bar personnel or district security ask me if I was okay. In that moment, all I could do was leave out of pure disbelief and shame. Once I arrived home, the pain was completely unbearable. I sent a text to one of the team member's from the bar asking her to send emergency personnel to my home. The experience, for me, has been life-changing. I'm now unable to drive. I'm now unable to work. It even has affected my schoo ling.I am right-handed, and this whole situation has given me a whole new understanding of how the world can react to others. According to Barbara Perry, â€Å"Hate crime often referred to as â€Å"ethnocentric† is much more than the act of mean-spirited bigots and it is embedded in the structural and cultural context within which groups interact† (2001). The benefit of criminal offense, a violation of an existing criminal code were assumed by the term hate crime and it may be applied only where a predicate offense, or underlying crime, is committed as a result of bias or prejudiced (Healed, 2005).Such restriction may fulfill the concept within the law enforcement community, but it is not particularly satisfying from a sociological perspective. Although in National Coalition of anti-violence Programs said that documented cases of antigen violence remained relatively stable in recent years, social advocacy group estimate that countless cases of antigen intimidation, ver bal harassment, and physical assault occur every day but go unreported (2005).What is perceived as hate crimes today, in another time or place, may be standard operating procedure which means hate crimes are acceptable in some countries and it is common thing to do which is believed will not give an impact in harmful way toward others. Based on what Perry said, â€Å"Oppressive violence is nested within the complex of exploitation, normalization, powerlessness, and cultural imperialism. It is the processes and imagery associated with cultural imperialism that supports these practices ideologically.Together structural exclusions and cultural imaging leave minority members vulnerable to systemic violence and especially hate crimes† (2001). Therefore, it is difficult to construct a complete definition of the term. Perspective of LIGHT-Q Great minds such as the president, humanitarians, theorists, behaviorist's have tried o mold the concept of hate crimes and each defining it in their own term. However, humanity still failed to grasp the concept by only reading between the lines.For some Christian Right leader's points of view, the leading causes of the destruction of American society and culture are due to the gay rights movement and its so-called homosexual agenda. In his own words, Focus on the Family Founder James Dobson says, â€Å"The battle against gay rights is essentially a second civil war to put control of the U. S. Government in the right hands, meaning those who reject gay rights† (2010). There are lots of religious leaders who are most likely misunderstand and misconstrue are often cowering behind the First Amendment or Justifying their actions by perverting Holy Scriptures.Throughout the years, religious right in America has adopted and retained variety of strategies such as defamation. Its leaders have involved in the crudest type of name-calling, claiming that homosexuality is a choice, dehumidifying or describing them by creating pr ominent myths and instilling fears upon others. â€Å"Myths such as gay people molest children at far higher rate than heterosexuals†, by portraying gay men as a threat to children loud be the most â€Å"efficacious weapon† for stimulating public fears about homosexuality (Escalates, E. & Steinbeck, R. , 2010). According to American Psychological Association (PAP), â€Å"Homosexual men are not more likely to sexually abuse children than heterosexual men are† (2010). Followed by a professor at the University of California, Davis, Gregory Here said, â€Å"One of the top researchers on prejudice against homosexuality, reviewed a series of studies and found no connecting evidence between gay men molesting children at higher rate than a heterosexual male† (cited in Escalates, E. & Steinbeck, R, 2010).Due to instilled fears from communities of faith, it created another path for homophobia to take on such as antigen aggression. Need to understand the concept of how sexual stigma is expressed towards sexual minorities in order to extend how antigen aggression is enabled. The idea that hate crimes involve scapegoat is also supported by the spontaneous, unplanned, and highly emotional nature of this crime. It provides a Justification for expressing anger and hostility towards sexual minorities. In order to understand how sexual stigma is expressed, we need to understand owe antigen aggression is expressed.Sexual stigma refers to â€Å"the negative regard, inferior status, and relative powerlessness that society collectively accords to any non-heterosexual behavior, identity, relationship, or community' (Here, in press; p 2). According to Parrot and Peterson, â€Å"To this day, contemporary theorist still believe that antigen aggression is motivated by the convergence of several different mechanisms, specifically three complimentary theoretical models that explain the motives for antigen aggression have garnered the most attention: sexual pr ejudice, ere dynamics and thrill seeking† (2008).While sexual prejudice, peer dynamics, or thrill seeking may be the sole motivating factor for a particular act of antigen aggression, it is posited that antigen aggression may also be facilitated by various combinations of these motives. Understanding LIGHT-Q (Victim) In order to create a better empathy or perspectives on hate crimes, one of the first steps is to understand them. One of the most difficult challenges of developmental milestones for gay youth is having the courage to reveal their sexual orientation to parents (Savings-Williams, 2001).The disclosure of sexual orientation by a family member clearly fits the description of a stresses because family values may be called into question, such as beliefs about sex, sexuality, and religion. A child's coming out is a salient event that often distorts several aspects of the family system such as family values, roles, expectations and boundaries (Crosier-Burnett et all, 1996 ). Every parent's dream and expectations for a son, who was expected to marry a woman, have children, and carry the family name, may be shattered.The brutality of hate crimes also has consequences for the entire gay community. It is not an exaggeration to conclude that bias-motivated attacks function as a form of terrorism, sending a message to all lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals that they are not safe if they are visible. An aggression based on sexual orientation such as physical aggression, verbal aggression, property damage, etc. , comes with a psychological impact to victims. Risks range from anxiety to depression, fear to post-traumatic stress and possibly, suicide or death (Here, Gillis, & Conga, 1999).The varieties of hate crime factorization can be seen such as in gay-identified settings, public spaces, at home, in schools, in the workplace and by friends and family members. Even when one does not personally know the victim, hate crimes can threaten the illusion of invulner ability that is so important in one's daily life Nonfat-Pullman & Parker, 2012). To top it all, the existence of hate crimes might make even minor instances of harassment more frightening for the victim. Consequently, an incident that appears minor in retrospect might nevertheless have considerable psychological impact on the victim.One type of agency particularly well suited for groups of victims of hate rimes is a local human rights or human relations agency that traditionally deals with cases of inequality such as hate crimes toward sexual orientation. Some human- relations commissions have a community relations component that specializes in interrupt conflict in the community. Not-for-profit registered charity safe houses like Pink Triangle offer services such as providing peer support, educational, research and advocacy services for all gay, lesbian, bisexual, trans, two-spirit and queer (GLOTTAL) persons in the National Capital Region (2012).Certain school systems, those seed to dealing with interrupt tension, can also provide the official context for such groups, particularly when Juveniles are involved, either as victims or perpetrators. Mental health associations or interfaith organizations often have programs designed to promote positive interrupt relations and can provide a setting for groups of hate crime victims. Documentaries such as For the Bible Tells Me So (2007) directed and produced by Daniel G.Karakas, provide the viewer or society with homosexuality and its perceived conflict with religion, as well as various interpretations of what the Bible says about name-sex sexuality. It also includes lengthy interview segments with several sets of religious parents regarding their personal experiences raising homosexual children and also interview with those children. Hate crimes on sexual orientation are crimes fueled by perceived threats, frustration and fear, and anger and scapegoat through the practices of sexual prejudice.Sexual orientation comm only conveys a wrong belief that gay people are more likely to molest children at higher rates than heterosexuals. This appears to have more serious psychological effects on gay men and lesbians, including oppression, stress, anger and even, death than do other crimes. The government should take a decisive action toward hate crimes which makes a minority group's life worst. They are also human beings who have a right to live a normal life like any other without having any scorn from any other people surround them.

Changing Perspectives

Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveller, long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth; â€Å"Changing one’s perspective can be confronting and enriching. † The Encarta Concise English Dictionary defines perspective as â€Å"A particular evaluation of a situation or facts, especially from one person’s point of view. † This perspective is shaped by events in a person’s life. These may be decisions they make, or knowledge and change thrust upon them. No matter which circumstances that cause his change in perspective, the effect will be a growth of character in the person. A change in perspective is therefore a change in a person’s evaluation of a situation.The effect of this change can be confronting or enriching to a person. Change in perspective can impact on a person in one of three ways, attitudinally, intellectually and emotionally. By analysing th e film, Looking For Alibrandi and my other related text, The Road Not Taken I will show how changing one’s perspective can be both confronting and enriching. The film, Looking for Alibrandi by Katie Woods is a ildungsroman, which explores changing perspectives in the life of the protagonist Josephine Alibrandi. The events which occur in the film, give an insight into Josie’s life and create a change of perspective on her plight in the film. The Director uses a variety of film techniques to present this change of perspective and growth of character. Josie is presented as a character who is conflicted in her situation. She is a fatherless child in a highly patriarchal society and rejects and freely clashes with her Italian culture and heritage. In the first scene of the film a sepia wash is used, butJosie is presented in bright colour. This shows her character in conflict with the world surrounding her. She furthers this notion in a voiceover where she says â€Å"this m ay be where I am from, but do I really belong here? † This emphasises the difference between Josie’s concept of herself and her place in the world. The voice over positions the audience to sympathise with Josie’s situation. Josie has a confronting change of perspective when she discovers that her father Michael Andretti, has come back from Adelaide and she is faced with meeting him for the first time. In this scene the slow racking of the camera in to frame the faces of Josie and her mother, emphasises the gravity of Michael’s reappearance and how possibly explosive this could be. Josie has another confronting change of perspective when John Barton, the boy that she likes, commits suicide. Josie questions how she can possibly continue when John, who seemingly had everything, felt he had to end his own life.When Josie tears up the note he gave her and throws it out the window, this gesture is coupled with the use of the mournful non-diagetic music â€Å"wi th or without you†, to symbolise her loss of nnocence, perspective and understanding. â€Å"Why can’t anyone see, if John Barton couldn’t be alright, no-ones going to be alright? † This heartfelt questioning by Josie further demonstrates the depth of her confusion and struggle with her perception of her situation in life. Josie is enriched by her final change of perspective when she accepts who she is despite her faults and embraces her Italian heritage. This is symbolised by how she invites her boyfriend and friends to celebrate â€Å"tomato day† with herself and her family. And also by her choice to enjoy the song Tintarella deLuna, instead of changing as she had prior to her change in perspective. In the credits this song changes to a punk version which highlights the generational and cultural change. The words stay the same, but the tune changes, this is a conflation of culture. The final line of dialogue in the movie, a voiceover delivered by J osie, demonstrates just how comfortable she now is, with her life when she declares; â€Å"I am Christina and Michael’s daughter and Katia’s granddaughter. We’re not cursed, we’re blessed. † The poem The Road Not Taken, by Robert Frost is an extended metaphor for the choices we make in life.The poem consists of four stanzas and follows a rhyming pattern, except for the last stanza, which puts an emphasis on the first line. In the first stanza the composer describes how he is faced with two choices or roads, and that he would like to travel both, but he knows he cannot do this. So he tries to see down each road to decide on his path. The second stanza shows the struggle of choosing between two similar paths. The man in the poem chooses one path. In the third stanza he stipulates that neither path has been followed recently, and that one day he would ike to come back and travel the other road, however due to the way in life that one thing leads to an other, he doubted he would. I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I, I took the one less travelled by, And that has made all the difference.In this final stanza, because of the line â€Å"ages and ages hence† we must realise that we cannot assign meaning to the words sigh and difference, because the speaker himself cannot know how his choice will affect his future until he has lived it. The ambiguity of the sigh furthers the point that e is unsure where his choice will take him. It is this ambiguity which makes the poem far more complex. This poem does not moralize about choice; it simply says that choice is inevitable and that you never understand how your choice will affect you, until you have lived it. Changes in perspective are shaped by events in a person’s life. These may be decisions they make, or knowledge and change is thrust upon them. One thing is certain, whether the change is confronting or enr iching, we will always have some regrets and wish for the best of both outcomes. But it is these perspectives that shape who we are.

Analytical critique of Killer Angels by Michael Shaara Essay

Analytical critique of Killer Angels by Michael Shaara - Essay Example Shaara has largely referred to Harrison, who was an actor whom General Longstreet had selected as a spy to gather the consents of the Union forces. Harrison has been used in the book as a narrator, thus neutralizing the approach of Shaara in narration of the events preceding, during and after the battle. Maintaining extreme neutrality, Shaara has conveyed the planning of Union forces as well as that of the Confederate. The story gains its start from June 1863. Third summer during the American Civil War was in season and only few days were left to the commencement of the bloodiest battle in the history of America, the battle of Gettysberg. â€Å"Often referred to as the â€Å"High Water Mark of the Rebellion†, it was the war's bloodiest battle with 51,000 casualties and the setting for President Abraham Lincoln's â€Å"Gettysburg Address†Ã¢â‚¬  (National Park Service, 2011). It was the deadliest and the largest battle among all fought on the land of America. 120 rebell ious men were given under the command of the Colonel Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain who was already commanding the 20th Maine. Unlike the other men of the regiment who had signed contracts for two years, these mutinous men that had freshly been given under the command of the Colonel signed contracts for three whole years. Therefore, these 120 men had to undergo great emotional stress as they saw other men leave for home after two years of service. These men were penalized and were starved. They were all brought to Chamberlain who was allowed to murder anyone who would not willfully go back for fighting. Prior to joining the war, Colonel Chamberlain had remained a faculty member in a college in US. Having come from an educative background, Chamberlain was quite considerate and listened to the concerns of the men. He was against the view of forcing anyone into the fight of freedom and thought of such concepts as ironic and disgusting. Therefore, Chamberlain remained kind enough to promis e the men that he would address their concerns once the Battle of Gettysberg was over. Although Chamberlain considered loss of the Battle of Gettysberg loss of the whole Civil War, yet he provided the men with the choice of participating in or retreating from the battle. However, Chamberlain did adopt a fairly reasonable and educated approach to convince the men to participate whole heartedly in the war. He took the men into confidence and told them that even if their fight was not meant for acquisition of any power or land, their participation in the war would serve the noble cause of providing others with freedom. He told the men that if they won the battle with their effort and participation, it would bring a significant change in the society and the people would be credited for their hard work, and not for their belongingness or race, cast or creed. Chamberlain remained so humble and considerate throughout in his dealing and interaction with the mutinous men that all except for six of them acceded to his opinions and agreed to follow his directions. General Robert E. Lee happened to be an extremely flexible leader who would make abrupt changes in plans and reintroduce fresh strategies every time, he felt things were not going the way they should. Like Chamberlain, General Lee also maintained a very humble character who refused to gamble, drink, or curse. Shaara has

The Developing Manager Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words - 2

The Developing Manager - Assignment Example rther, this report examines my current position in terms of personal development needs, current performance and future needs in the excellence of this career. Managers have different skills and aspects which help them when dealing with different issues in order to bring out the best out of a situation. Skills of a manager should be aligned with the need to achieve the set goals of the organization. I’m a team leader and I have been involved with leading and coordinating people to achieve the set objectives of the hotel where I plan to work as a manager in the future. My knowledge, strengths, and abilities have enabled me to influence control in most of the groups in have worked with. This is because I’m a transparent, honest leader with high public relation skills. This has enabled me to communicate effectively with my team. I have also managed to use my skills to motivate hard work which has seen my team provide enormous support to our target. As a leader, I’m internally motivated and my resilient capacity allows me to go on even at tough times which are mostly prevalent in the disadvantaged places (Sandra, C., 2009) . I have good conflict resolution skills. While I have successfully managed to be a very effective facilitator, my efforts are mostly dragged behind my criticism which threatens to wreak havoc while we are working. Some members may offer criticisms which are not well taken by the recipient resulting to conflicts. My knowledge, strengths, and abilities as an effective leader allow me to be effective in such areas as conflict resolutions, delegation capacities and organizational skills. This helps me organize and manage tasks without being perceived to be unfair by some members. I believe that possession of such abilities enables me to improve the performance of my groups to achieve our purpose as outlined in our objectives. Organizational skills help me manage the team’s resources properly as our situation requires as to be very economical and

Hospital-acquired conditions (HAC) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hospital-acquired conditions (HAC) - Assignment Example The discussions will guarantee proper documentation and patient analysis. This may also include dedicating sufficient time to reconciling POA queries and documenting discharge summaries to ensure effective implementation of the rule. I can enhance patient safety through implementation of the rule by facilitating teamwork between different hospital departments, adhering to evidence-based guidelines, preventing patient falls by offering sitters, adopting new protocols for testing UTIs, and testing patients during admission (Sorensen et al., 2014). These measures can enhance identification and diagnosis thus improving clinical quality and safeguard patients from hospital-acquired infections and injuries. As a nurse practitioner, I can also use adopt leadership duties to promote patient safety by participating in executive committees, mobilizing healthcare resources and strategies, and mediating between nurses and other medical personnel (Wald et al., 2012). Moreover, I can promote the i mprovement of clinical quality through implementation of the rule by advocating for the root cause analysis, ensuring proper documentation, and monitoring Hospital-Acquired Conditions (Sorensen et al., 2014). Peasah, S. K., McKay, N. L., Harman, J. S., Al-Amin, M., & Cook, R. L. (2013). Medicare Non-Payment of Hospital-Acquired Infections: Infection Rates Three Years Post Implementation. Medicare & Medicaid Research Review, 3(3), 1-13. Wald, H., Richard, A., Dickson, V., & Capezuti, E. (2012). Chief nursing officers’ perspectives on Medicare’s hospital-acquired conditions non-payment policy: implications for policy design and implementation. Implementation Science Journal, 7 (78),

Media and body image Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Media and body image - Research Paper Example In that regard, people have become victims of the media sources like magazines because they police and construct ideas on standards from fashion to everything in life. From an evaluation of the pictures and articles in the vogue magazine, it is clear that the media polices and constructs certain body images for both men and women; these body images are deliberate because audiences need something to feed on, to keep on reading the magazines, and the magazines themselves deliver just that. It is apparent that media treats the male and female body images differently, in addition to treating body images of heavy people and thin people differently. Evidently, all these body images pass across some subtle yet firm messages that reflect gendered societal views about both men and women; in that case, media constructs truths about life, thus, it is the most powerful influence on how both men and women often view themselves. There are clear indications that the Vogue magazine applies different standards in its portrayal of the body images for both males and females from the manner in which it portrays them differently. On a wider scope, the body images of b oth men and women in this magazine depict the sexes in stereotypical ways that constrain the readers’ perceptions of the limitless human possibilities. For instance, the body image of males in the vogue magazine depicts them as lively, powerful, daring, sexually aggressive and most importantly, they are depicted as being deeply involved and playing extremely important roles in human relationships (Horowitz). This magazine imposes this body image as the universal standard for males and as a result, it is consistent with the cultural views of males in society; however, the actual reality in the wider population is different. Truth of the matter is there are all sorts of imperfections in the body image of males in the